The hip bone or pelvic bone is a large flat bone connected with sacrum and coccyx of the lower spine. Two hip bones join each other at front midline and join together with sacrum and coccyx at the low back forming pelvis surrounding the pelvic cavity which accommodates bladder, reproductive system and bowels.
The hip bone is formed by three parts: illium, ischium and pubis.
The ilium is the highest and largest part of the hipbone consists of the body and wing.
The ischium is the lowest part of the hip bone and made up of three parts–the body, the superior ramus and the inferior ramus.
The pubis is at the anterior of the hip bone. It is divided into the body, superior ramus and inferior ramus.
The hip bone has a few groups of muscles attached as follows
The abdominal muscles include the abdominal external oblique muscle (attaches to the iliac crest) , the abdominal internal oblique muscle (ataches to the pectin pubis) and the transverses abdominis muscle (ataches to the pubic crest and the pectin pubis),
The back muscles include the multifidus muscle (attaches to the medial surface of the posterior superior iliac spine, the posterior sacroiliac ligaments and part of the sacrum)
The gluteal muscles include three gluteal muscles: gluteal maxmus muscle, gluteal medium muscle and gluteal mininus muscle. They all arise from the outer surface of the hip bone and
The lateral rotator group of muscles include piriformis muscle, superior gemellos muscle, obturator internus muscle , inferior gemellos muscle and obturator externus muscle.
Adductor group of muscles include adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor minimus, pectineus, gracilis and obturator externus.
Hamstrings include long head biceps femoris, semitendinous and semimembranosus
Two muscles at the anterior of the thigh rectus femoris muscle and sarturius muscle
One shoulder muscle--- the latissimus dorsi muscle (attaches to the iliac crest ).
They serve the origin of many muscles which involved in lower limbs movement. The body anchors the origin for the superioe gemellus muscle; the ischial tuberosity known as sitting bone anchors the origin for the inferior gemellos muscle and hamstrings; the superior ramus is a partial origin for the internal obturator and external obturator muscles; the inferior ramus anchors the origin for the adductor magnus muscle and the gracilis muscle.
