Wound healing is a normal biological process in the human body and the process contains four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.
For a wound to heal successfully, all four phases must occur in the proper sequence and time frame. Many factors can interfere with one or more phases of this process, thus causing improper or impaired wound healing. Generally, the factors that influence repair can be categorized into local and systemic. Local factors are those that directly influence the characteristics of the wound itself, such as oxygenation, infection, foreign body and venous sufficiency; while systemic factors are the overall health or disease state of the individual that affect his or her ability to heal such as age and hormones, stress, diabetes, ischemia, diseases, diabetes, obesity, medications including sterioids, chemotherapy, immunity deficiency, alcoholism, smoking, and nutrition.
References
S Guo et al J Dent Res. 2010 Mar; 89(3): 219–229.
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